aumfzDtaMumif; waphwapmif; ESifh aumfzDordkif;aMumif;
aumfzDudk at'D 6&mpkcefUrSm a,rifEdkifiHrSm pwifpdkufysKd;cJhw,fvdkU qdkygw,f/ wcsKdUuawmh bDpD 900 avmufrSm tapmqHk; pwifaomufoHk;aejyDvdkUajymMuygw,f/ 'efPm&DwckrSmawmh tDoD,dkyD;,ef; qdwfarG;olwa,mufjzpfwJh u,f'DqdkwJhvlwa,muf[m olU&JUqdwfawG teDa&mifcs,f&DoD;wrsKd;udk pm;jyD;awmh ckefaygufjrL;wll;aeMuwmudk pwifowdxm;rdygw,f/ olvnf;tJ'geJU prf;oyfpm;oHk;Munfh&mrSm xl;jcm;pGm cGeftm;jynfh0vmw,fvdkU cHpm;&ygw,fwJh/ tJ'DrwdkifcifrSmvJ rGwfpvifawG[m tajcmufcHxm;wJh b,f&DoD;awGMudwfjyD; azsmfxm;wJh t&nfawGudk aomufjyD; tMumMuD;bk&m;0wfjyKzdkU tiftm;awG&&SdcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dt&nf[m tm&ADvdk um0gh? (vHIUaqmfjcif;) wl&uDvdk umAgh (cGeftm;ay;jcif;) qdkwJhpum;awGuae umva&GUavsmvmawmh tckvlawGvufcHxm;wJh aumfzDqdkwm jzpfvmygw,f/
at'D 900 avmufrSm tma&;AD;,m;rSm aumfzD"avh[m tawmfxGef;um;aeygjyD/
at'D 1400-1500 15&mpkrSmawmh rGwfpvifavmurSm aumfzDaomufjcif;[m awmfawmfMuD;udk ay:jyLvmjzpfaeygjyD/ olwdkU[m aumfzDaomufwJh "avhudk ysHUESUHapayr,fh pdkufysKd;jcif;twwfudkawmh xdef;odrf;xm;cJhygw,f/
1615rSm AewD,ef ( tDwvD ta&SUajrmufEG,fzGm; ) ukefonfawG[m ,Drifu aumfzDyifawGudk arSmifcdkvrf;u cdk;xkwfcJhygw,f/ tJ'Denf;eJU aumfzD[m Oa&myudk a&mufvmcJhjyD; tJ'D&mpkESpfukefawmh ukefonfawG[m aq;jzpf0g;jzpf? tazsmf,rum taeeJU a&mif;csaeygjyD/
1616 rSm 'wfcsfu tDoD,dk;yD;,m;udk 0ifodrf;jyD;awmh aumfzDyifawGudk a[mfvefudk o,foGm;ygw,f/ olwdkU[m aumfzDpdkufzdkU &moDOwkrwlnDwmaMumifh aumfzDyifawGudk rSefvHktdrfawGxJrSm pdkufMuygw,f/ aemufydkif; 'wfcsfawG[m wjcm;e,fajrawGudk udkvdkeDjyKjyD;aemufydkif;awmh aumfzDpdkufvdkU&wJh &moDOwk&SdwJhe,fajrawGrSm pdkufysKd;jyD; aumfzDeJU urÇmMuD;udk rdwfqufay;vdkufygw,f/
1650/ t*FvefEdkifiHu atmufpfzdkUqdkwJh ae&mrSm yxrOD;qHk; aumfzDqdkif pzGifhygw,f/ rdef;rawGudk qdkifrSm aomufoHk;cGifhray;ygbl;? pm;yGJxdk;yJvkyfcGifhay;ygw,f/ jAdwdoQtrsKd;orD;rsm;[m aumfzDqdkifrSm aomufcGifh&zdkU &Snfvsm;vSwJh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk a&;om;awmif;qdkcJhwmudk jiif;qdkjcif;cH&ygw,f/ ( tck vef'efjAdwdoQ aumfzDjywdkufxJrSm tJ'DpmawGudk awGUEdkifygw,f/ )
1653/ yxrqHk; vufbuf&nfqdkif udk t*FvefrSm zGifhygw,f/ tJ'Dqdkif[m trsKd;orD;awG&JU pk&yfvdkrsKd;jzpfvmygw,f/
1658/ aumfzDpdkufysdK;jcif;udk 'wfcsfudkvdkeDe,fawGjzpfwJh auvGefeJU *smAm;awGrSm pwifygw,f/ tJ'Duae trfpMwm'rfudk aumfzDwifydkUrI ydkrdk atmifjrifcJhygw,f/
1714 rSm trfpMwm'rfrSm&SdaewJh jyifopfbk&if vl0D 14 qDudk aumfzDyifawG ay;ydkUcJhygw,f/
1718 rSm 'wfcsfawG[m *smAm;uae awmiftar&durS&SdwJh 'wf*Dede,fajrawGrSm ajymif;jyD;pdkufygw,f/
1727 rSm b&mZD;aumfzDajrmufrsm;pGm ukefoG,frI[m tcspfa&;udpöwckaMumifh pwifcJhw,fvdkU ajymMuygw,f/ b&mZD;vlrsKd; urf;ajcapmifh t&m&SdwOD;[m jyifopf*Dede,fajrwckjzpfwJh a&Sae; udka&muf&SdcJhjyD; aumfzDaomufjcif;udk pGJvef;cJhygowJh/ olu tJ'DjrdKUawmf0ef&JU rdef;rudk pGJvef;rd cspfrdygw,f/ olawmif;qdkvdkU b&mZD;rSm pdkufwJh aumfzDaphtenf;i,fudk &cJhygowJh tJ'DtrsdK;tpm;[m urÇmrSm ESpfaygif; 200 avmuf ukefoG,fwGifus,f aewJhtrsKd;jzpfaMumif;od&ygowJh/ 1800 avmufusawmh tm&yfbufu trsKd;tpm;jzpfaMumif; oufaojyEdkifcJhygw,f/ tJovdkeJU b&mZD;[m urÇmay:rSm tMuD;qHk;aom aumfzDxkwfvkyfoljzpfvmygw,f/
1730/ jAdwdoQawGu *sarumudk aumfzDawG ,loGm;w,f/
1750-60/ *GgwDrmvm[m yxrqHk; aumfzDrsKd;awG&w,f/
1774/ abmfpwGefwD;ygwDESpfrSm tar&duefawGu vufbuf&nftay:rSm tcGef wdk;jrSifhvdkufwJh jAdwdoQtkyfcsKyfolawGudk qefUusifawmfvSefMuygw,f/ tif'D;,ef;vl&dkif;awGvdk0wfqifjyD; .. avSoHk;pif;pmavmuf&SdwJh vufbufajcmufrIefUawGudk abmfpwGefqdyfurf;rSm cscJhjyD; aumfzDawGudk tpm;xdk;wifaqmif oGm;jcif;jzifh olwdkU awmfvSefa&;&JU tazsmf,rumtjzpf aumfzDudk a&G;cs,fcJhygw,f/
1779/ aumfzD[m usL;bmuae aumfpwm&Dumudk ul;ajymif;0ifa&mufvmygw,f/
1790/ rufqDudk[m yxrqHk; aumfzDyifudk &&Sdygw,f/
1700 ckESpfrsm;/ jyifopfa&wyf t&m&Sd *b&D&,f rufo,l 'D uvsL;[m yJ&pfpf? *sm'if 'wfpf yvefwd qdkwJh bk&ifhaumfzDpdkufcif;xJu cdk;,ljyD;awmh uma&bD,efuRef;uav; wckjzpfwJh rmwDeDuRef;rSm pdkufygw,f/ aemifESpfaygif; 50 MumwJh tcgrSm tJ'DuRef;ay:rSm aumfzDyifaygif; 18oef;avmuf&SdaejyD/
1825/ [m0dkif,D[m aumfzDudk &D,dk 'D *sae&D,dk uae&w,f/ bmbGef; aumfzDyifaygufrsm;pGm[m awmifeJU tv,f tar&duudk a&mufoGm;w,f/
1878/ jAdwdoQydkif ta&SUtmz&durSm aumfzDpwif pdkufysKd;w,f/ tckawmh aumfzDqdkwm urÇmay:rSm a&eHjyD;&if 'kwd,vdkufaewJh ukefpnfjzpfaeygjyD/ t*FvefrSm wESpfudk aumfzDcGufaygif; oef; 7000 avmufa&mif;&w,fvdkU qdkygw,f/ tJ'DtxJu 86&mcdkifEIH;[m tifpwefUvdkUac:wJh .. tqifoifhaomufwJh aumfzDrsKd;yg/
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